Liquid Crystal Variable Drive Voltage

ABSTRACT

A voltage may be provided to a liquid crystal addressable element as part of a liquid crystal device. The provided voltage may be reduced from a driven state to a relaxed state in a time period greater than 1 μs. The reduction may further be performed in less than 20 ms. The liquid crystal device may be a polarization switch, which in some embodiments may be a multi-segment polarization switch. In one embodiment, pulses of limited duration of a light source may be provided to the polarization switch. The manner of voltage reduction may reduce optical bounce of the liquid crystal device and may allow one or more of the pulses of the light source to be shifted later in time.

PRIORITY INFORMATION

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/110,562, filed on May 18, 2011, titled “Liquid Crystal Variable DriveVoltage,” whose inventors are David A. Chavez, Michael A. Cheponis, andMark F. Flynn, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entiretyas though fully and completely set forth herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This disclosure relates to the field of liquid crystal devices such asLCD displays, and more particularly to driving liquid crystals.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

Polarization switches may be utilized in conjunction with a light sourceto control how much light is transmitted to the display at a given time.Specifically, polarization switches may include liquid crystals (LCs)that twist and rotate in response to a voltage, thereby affecting lighttransmittance. Transitioning an LC from a driven voltage state to therelaxed voltage state may create an optical bounce that may result in abounce of the optical characteristics of the LCD device as ittransitions from its black normal or white normal state. FIG. 1A showstypical optical responses (luminance versus time) for a twisted nematic(TN) polarization switch at 5V and 10V. The increase in luminance aftertime zero represents the transition of the polarization switch (and theLCs) from the driven voltage state to the relaxed voltage state. FIG. 1Bis a zoomed in view of the 5V and 10V optical responses of FIG. 1A. Notethe pronounced optical bounce in the 10V response—the curve initiallybegins to rise, drops, then rises again. Such a bounce may cause a PS tosuffer delay (about 1-2 ms), and may introduce unwanted optical effects.The degraded performance may affect both two-dimensional (2D) andthree-dimensional (3D) displays. The effects of optical bounce may bemore pronounced in 3D displays, which produce frames that alternatebetween left and right eye frames.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

Various embodiments described herein relate to techniques and structuresthat facilitate a liquid crystal variable drive voltage. In oneembodiment, a voltage may be provided to a liquid crystal addressableelement of a liquid crystal device, such as a polarization switch. Theprovided voltage may be at a driven voltage level. The provided voltagemay be reduced to a relaxed voltage level over a time period greaterthan 1 μs. At the relaxed level, the polarization switch may be in arelaxed state. The voltage reduction may be performed in less than 20ms. In one embodiment, pulses of limited duration of a light source maybe provided to the polarization switch. The voltage reduction may resultin a reduced optical bounce of the liquid crystal device. Such a voltagereduction may also allow one or more of the pulses of the light sourceto be shifted later in time.

In one non-limiting example, the polarization switch may be amulti-segment polarization switch. The provided voltage may beindependently driven to provide each segment of the polarization switchwith an independent, time-shifted voltage in relation to theindependently driven voltages that are provided to each other segment.The light source may likewise be segmented such that subsidiary pulsesof a pulse may be provided to corresponding segments of the polarizationswitch.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A better understanding of the present disclosure can be obtained whenthe following detailed description is considered in conjunction with thefollowing drawings.

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate typical optical responses for a twistednematic polarization switch at 5V and 10V.

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example liquid crystal systems that mayincorporate a variable drive voltage, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a liquidcrystal display system that may incorporate a variable drive voltage.

FIG. 4 illustrates one example of variable drive voltage circuitry,according to some embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a timing diagram of a section of an LCD system, according tosome embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of optical responses of an LCD panel andpolarization switch, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 7A is a timing diagram of a typical optical bounce.

FIG. 7B is a timing diagram showing a reduced optical bounce, accordingto some embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates example variable drive voltages, according to someembodiments.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart diagram illustrating one embodiment of a variabledrive voltage.

FIG. 10 illustrates another embodiment of a variable drive voltage,according to some embodiments.

While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way ofexample in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should beunderstood, however, that the drawings and detailed description theretoare not intended to limit the invention to the particular formdisclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover allmodifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spiritand scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Terms

The following is a glossary of terms used in the present application:

This specification includes references to “one embodiment” or “anembodiment.” The appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “inan embodiment” do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment.Particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined inany suitable manner consistent with this disclosure.

Storage Medium—a storage medium may include any non-transitory/tangiblestorage media readable by a computer/processor to provide instructionsand/or data to the computer/processor. For example, a computer readablestorage medium may include storage media such as magnetic or opticalmedia, e.g., disk (fixed or removable), tape, CD-ROM, or DVD-ROM, CD-R,CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW, or Blu-Ray. Storage media may further includevolatile or non-volatile memory media such as RAM (e.g. synchronousdynamic RAM (SDRAM), double data rate (DDR, DDR2, DDR3, etc.) SDRAM,low-power DDR (LPDDR2, etc.) SDRAM, Rambus DRAM (RDRAM), static RAM(SRAM), etc.), ROM, Flash memory, non-volatile memory (e.g. Flashmemory) accessible via a peripheral interface such as the UniversalSerial Bus (USB) interface, etc. Storage media may includemicroelectromechanical systems (MEMS), as well as storage mediaaccessible via a communication medium such as a network and/or awireless link.

Carrier Medium—a storage medium as described above, as well as aphysical transmission medium, such as a bus, network, and/or otherphysical transmission medium that conveys signals such as electrical,electromagnetic, or digital signals.

LC Device—an electro-optical device that uses an LC material tomanipulate light by the application of a voltage.

LC Light Modulator—an LC device that manipulates the intensity of lightpassing through it. An example of a type of LC Light Modulator is anLCD, which may be pixelated.

Polarization Switch (PS)—an LC device that manipulates the polarizationof light passing through it. Note that the PS does not generally changethe intensity of light on its own. It may typically be accomplished whenthe PS is used in conjunction with an analyzer. An analyzer may be apolarizer that is used to block or pass some predetermined polarizationstate. For example, an LCD typically has a polarizer on the input sideand a polarizer on the output side. The output polarizer is called ananalyzer. Eyewear may act as an analyzer in some embodiments.

PS Segment—a segment of a PS that is independently controllable.

Pixel—an individually addressable element of an LCD.

LC Cell or LC Layer—the layer of LC material enclosed by the top andbottom substrates of an LC device.

LC Mode—the LC design used in an LC device. The design may include thespecific type of LC material, the thickness of the cell, the orientationof the alignment directions, etc. Typical LC modes include TN, VA(vertical alignment), IPS (In Plane Switching), etc.

Driven State—the term driven state may refer to the high voltage stateof an LC (e.g., +/−10 V, +/−12 V, etc.). As an example using a TwistedNematic (TN) liquid crystal device, the driven state of the LC maycorrespond to the position and orientation of the LC such that the LCrotates the polarization of polarized light entering the liquid crystaldevice from the non-driven state in a manner that the polarization ofthe incoming light equals the polarization of the outgoing light.

Relaxed State—the term relaxed state may refer to the low voltage stateof an LC (e.g., 0 V). As an example using a TN liquid crystal device,the relaxed state of the LC may correspond to the position andorientation of the LC such that the polarized light entering the LCrotates the polarization.

Frame Time—the period that contains one driven state and one relaxedstate. The frame time may include two frames worth of data. For example,in a 3D system that alternates between left and right eye frames, aframe time may include one left eye frame and one right eye frame.

Normal White—corresponds to a white optical state at 0V. Thus, normalwhite corresponds to a normally high luminance state at 0V where lightis transmitted through a polarization switch (and LCs). One example of anormal white polarization switch includes 90° twisted nematic liquidcrystals. In context of an embodiment using the polarization switch andcorresponding eyewear, where the two lenses of the two eyepieces of theeyewear are cross polarized, normal white means that, at the relaxedstate of the PS, the lens that is at same polarization to the PS at therelaxed state is normally white (i.e. light passing through the PS isseen through normal white lens.)

Normal Black—corresponds to a black optical state at 0V. Thus, if novoltage is applied, light may not be transmitted through a polarizationswitch (and LCs). A PS may be used in both a normal black and normalwhite mode simultaneously. For example, in a 3D system that alternatesbetween left and right eye images, one eye may be the normal black eyeand the other may be the normal white eye. Eyewear (e.g., passiveeyewear or shutter glasses) may be used in conjunction with such asystem. In context of an embodiment using the polarization switch andcorresponding eyewear, where the two lenses of the two eyepieces of theeyewear are cross polarized, normal black means that, at the drivenstate of the PS, the lens that is at same polarization to the PS at thedriven state is normally black (i.e. light passing through the PS isseen through normal black lens.)

Optical Bounce—A temporary increase or decrease in the optical responseof an LC device due to backflow effect in certain LC configurations. Theoptical bounce may appear as an oscillation in the transmission-timecurve after an electric or magnetic field has been removed from an LCcell. Therefore, optical bounce may include a delay in reaching therelaxed state and an unintended optical effect as well. The opticaleffect may result in light leakage in the white normal state and a dropin luminance in the black normal state.

Comprising—this term is open-ended. As used in the appended claims, thisterm does not foreclose additional structure or steps. Consider a claimthat recites: “An apparatus comprising a liquid crystal display . . . .”Such a claim does not foreclose the apparatus from including additionalcomponents (e.g., a voltage source, a light source, etc.).

Configured To—various units, circuits, or other components may bedescribed or claimed as “configured to” perform a task or tasks. In suchcontexts, “configured to” is used to connote structure by indicatingthat the units/circuits/components include structure (e.g., circuitry)that performs those task or tasks during operation. As such, theunit/circuit/component can be said to be configured to perform the taskeven when the specified unit/circuit/component is not currentlyoperational (e.g., is not on). The units/circuits/components used withthe “configured to” language include hardware—for example, circuits,memory storing program instructions executable to implement theoperation, etc. Reciting that a unit/circuit/component is “configuredto” perform one or more tasks is expressly intended not to invoke 35U.S.C. §112, sixth paragraph, for that unit/circuit/component.Additionally, “configured to” can include generic structure (e.g.,generic circuitry) that is manipulated by software and/or firmware(e.g., an FPGA or a general-purpose processor executing software) tooperate in manner that is capable of performing the task(s) at issue.

First, Second, etc.—these terms are used as labels for nouns that theyprecede, and do not imply any type of ordering (e.g., spatial, temporal,logical, etc.). For example, in a liquid crystal display system having alight source generating light pulses, the terms “first” and “second”pulses of a light source can be used to refer to any two pulses. Inother words, the “first” and “second” pulses are not limited to logicalinstances 0 and 1.

Based On—this term is used to describe one or more factors that affect adetermination. This term does not foreclose additional factors that mayaffect a determination. That is, a determination may be solely based onthose factors or based, at least in part, on those factors. Consider thephrase “determine A based on B.” While B may be a factor that affectsthe determination of A, such a phrase does not foreclose thedetermination of A from also being based on C. In other instances, A maybe determined based solely on B.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 3—Exemplary System

FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate example liquid crystal display (LCD) systemsthat may incorporate a variable drive voltage, and which may beconfigured to perform various embodiments described below. As examplesof systems that may incorporate a variable drive voltage, FIG. 2Aillustrates an LCD television as well as shutter glasses. The shutterglasses may implement a variable drive voltage or may be standardshutter glasses that may be used with an LCD television that implementsthe variable drive voltage. Other systems that drive twisted-nematicjunctions may also incorporate a variable drive voltage, such as anorganic light emitting diode (OLED) system that includes a polarizationswitch. In one embodiment, LCD system 200 may include light source 202,control circuitry 204, LCD panel 206, and a liquid crystal device, suchas polarization switch 208.

In one embodiment, light source 202 may be coupled to controlelectronics 204, LCD panel 206, and polarization switch 208. Lightsource 202 may receive power and/or control indications from controlcircuitry 204. In turn, light source 202 may provide light to LCD panel206 and polarization switch 208. Light source 202 may be referred to asa backlight. In one embodiment, light source 202 may include a pluralityof light emitting diodes (LEDs) that may provide pulses of light tovarious components of LCD system 200. The backlight may, in variousembodiments, be segmented. In one embodiment, the backlight may besegmented into five independently addressable rows. For instance, lightsource 202 may be segmented into sections that may extend acrosshorizontal bands of the display. The LEDs of light source 202 may pulseat different times, which may be optimized for timing one segment'spulse separate from other segments. Further, a segmented light source202 may include segmented lightguides that may help minimize row-to-rowcrosstalk. Light source 202 may be positioned in LCD system 200 behindLCD panel and polarization switch from the perspective of the front ofLCD system 200 (where the viewer would be). In one embodiment, the LEDsmay be edge LEDs that provide illumination from both sides of LCD system200. Light source 202 may redirect the illumination from the edge LEDsso that the illumination may be perpendicular to LCD panel 206 andpolarization switch 208. LCD system 200 may additionally include anenclosure that may include heatsinks for the LEDs. In that manner, heatproduced by the LEDs may be dissipated and alleviate the effects onother LCD system 200 components, such as polarization switch 208. Asdescribed herein, light source 202 may be shifted, or extended, inconjunction with the variable drive voltage, according to someembodiments. In an embodiment in which the system is shutter glasses,the shutter glasses may not require any backlight pulsing. As such, anaccompanying LCD as part of such a system may include a backlightcapable of being pulsed, or in some embodiments, it may include a lightsource that is incapable of being pulsed (e.g., a CCFL).

In one embodiment, LCD system 200 may include control circuitry 204.Control circuitry 204 may receive a voltage from a voltage source (notshown). Control circuitry 204 may, in turn, provide one or more voltagesand/or other indications to light source 202, LCD panel 206, and/orpolarization switch 208. As an example, control circuitry 204 mayprovide a voltage and a backlight enable indication to light source 202,which, in turn, may cause light source 202 to provide a light pulse toLCD panel 206 and polarization switch 208. In one embodiment, controlcircuitry 204 may independently address different segments of lightsource 202, LCD panel 206, and polarization switch 208. For example,control circuitry 204 may provide a voltage and a backlight enableindication to a backlight driver board (not shown) of light source 202.Light source 202 may then provided appropriate pulsed voltages to eachindependently addressable segment of light source 202. In someembodiments, control circuitry 204 may provide a pulsed voltage directlyto each segment of LEDs, without necessarily providing the voltage to abacklight driver board. The addressed light source 202 segment may thenprovide one or more light pulses to LCD panel 206, and polarizationswitch 208. Control circuitry 204 may include circuitry to implement oneor more variable drive voltages to polarization switch 208, according tosome embodiments.

LCD panel 206 may include a plurality of pixels that may collectivelyproduce images. The plurality of pixels of the LC panel may be addressedwith data that conveys the image to be displayed. In one embodiment, LCDpanel 206 may be updated from one frame to the next in a progressivescan manner, and hence updating may not occur all at once. In such anembodiment, the pixels of LCD panel 206 may be updated, for example,sequentially by row from top to bottom. As an example, LCD panel 206 mayrefresh at a frequency of 120 Hz. For a 120 Hz system, every 8.3 ms theentire panel's data may be updated. The transition from one frame toanother may proceed as a progressive scan; the scan may start at the toprow, and then proceed through the rest of the rows. In one embodiment,the time difference from updating the top row to updating the bottom rowmay be approximately 5-6 ms. Accordingly, the scan time to write framedata to LCD panel 206 may take a large portion of each frame. As aresult, the portion of each frame where the entire display is in thesame state may be minimal. The subsequent frames may be a left eye frame(image) followed by a right eye frame (or vice versa) for a 3D display,or may simply be sequential frames for a 2D display. In one embodiment,backlight and polarization switch segmenting may be applied to maintainsynchronization with the progressive scan data write of LCD panel 206.As described herein, an OLED panel may be used in LCD system 200 insteadof LCD panel 206 and light source 202. The OLED-based system maylikewise benefit from the variable drive techniques described herein.Other imagers, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), rear projection, or anyother imagers may also benefit from the variable drive techniquesdescribed herein. LCD system 200 may include a liquid crystal device,such as polarization switch 208. Polarization switch 208 may use atwisted-nematic liquid crystal mode and may include a plurality ofdistinct individually addressable elements, called segments.Polarization switch 208 may receive one or more voltages from controlcircuitry 204 and may receive a light pulse from light source 202. Aswas the case with light source 202, polarization switch 208 may besegmented into horizontal bands. Polarization switch 208 may be used inLCD system 200 to simultaneously provide a normal black and normal whitemode, when used in conjunction with the appropriate eyewear, whereineach eye has the appropriate lens. For instance, in the context of anembodiment using the polarization switch and corresponding eyewear,where the two lenses of the two eyepieces of the eyewear are crosspolarized, a normal white mode may be provided in a 3D LCD system 200for one eye, while concurrently a normal black mode may be provided forthe other eye. Polarization switch 208 may control the luminance of LCDsystem 200. Thus, a normal white mode may allow full luminance in a lowvoltage state (e.g., 0V) of polarization switch 208 while normal blackmode may block all luminance for the corresponding lens of the eyewear.Conversely, a normal white mode may block all luminance in a drivenvoltage state (e.g., +/−12V), while a normal black mode may allow fullluminance for the corresponding lens of the eyewear. Accordingly, in a3D context, one eye may see an image or frame in a normal white modewhile the other eye sees an image or frame in a normal black mode. Inone embodiment, where the polarization switch is used in combinationwith the eyewear, a higher voltage in the driven state may result in agreater drop in luminance in the normal white state. As a result, highercontrast may be achieved with a high voltage, such as +/−12 V, +/−20 V,etc. In some embodiments, polarization switch 208 may be a multi-segmentpolarization switch, as described herein.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of the LCD systemof FIG. 2, which may be configured to perform various embodimentsdescribed below.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 3, LCD system 300 may includevoltage source 302, control circuitry 304, liquid crystal devices, suchas a polarization switch 308, shown as segments of a multi-segmentpolarization switch, LCD panel 310, and light source 312. Controlcircuitry 304 may include drive module 306.

In one embodiment, voltage source 302 may be a power supply for LCDsystem 300 or may receive one or more voltages from an external powersupply. Voltage source 302 may output one or more voltages. The one ormore voltages may be provided to control circuitry 304. In someembodiments, voltage source 302 may also provide one or more voltagesdirectly to LCD panel 310, light source 312, a polarization switch 308,or other components (not shown) of LCD system 300. The one or morevoltages may be provided to control circuitry 304, and, in turn, to thepolarization switch 308, may be a drive voltage. The illustratedembodiment shows control circuitry 304 and voltage source 302 asseparate modules, yet, in some embodiments, voltage source 302 may be asubcomponent of control circuitry 304.

In one embodiment, control circuitry 304 may receive the voltage fromvoltage source 302 and provide a drive voltage to the polarizationswitch 308. The drive voltage provided to the polarization switch 308may be provided to a LC addressable element of the polarization switch,or other LC device. In one embodiment, the drive voltage may be +/−12 V.In other embodiments, the drive voltage may be +/−10V, or +/−20 V, forexample. In some embodiments, the drive voltage may maintain an overallDC bias of 0V across the LC over time. Control circuitry 304 may includedrive module 306. Drive module 306 may include a programmable waveformgenerator. In one embodiment, drive module 306 may vary the drivevoltage it provides to the one or more polarization switches 308 as afunction of time. For example, the drive voltage may include a drivenfunction portion and a relaxed function portion. The driven function maycorrespond to the portion of the drive voltage when transitioning from alow, or relaxed voltage, to a high, or driven voltage. Similarly, therelaxed function may correspond to the portion of the drive voltage whentransitioning from a driven voltage to a relaxed voltage. In oneembodiment, the driven function may be a normal step function while therelaxed function may be one or more of a number of alternativefunctions, not equivalent to a step function. In one embodiment, therelaxed function may be continuous, i.e., in an analog manner. Forinstance, the relaxed function may be a decreasing portion of a Gaussianor cosine function. In some embodiments, the drive voltage function(s)may vary from frame to frame. For instance, LC response time may vary asa function of temperature. Accordingly, control circuitry 304 mayinclude a temperature sensor that may affect the voltage level and/orshape of the drive voltage waveform.

Further, in various embodiments, the relaxed function may rapidly reducethe drive voltage to an intermediate voltage before slowly reducing thedrive voltage from the intermediate voltage a relaxed voltage (e.g., 0V,corresponding to the relaxed state). For example, if the driven voltagelevel is +/−20V, the relaxed function may rapidly reduce the voltage to+/−2V and then slowly reduce the voltage to 0V. Thus, the reduction mayoccur at different rates, for example a first and second rate, with thesecond rate being lower than the first rate. In such embodiments,control circuitry 304 may drive the polarization switch 308 at fullrate, then transition to a lower intermediate drive voltage inanticipation of the transition to the relaxed state. The intermediatedrive voltage may be close to the threshold of the relaxed state, yetthe one or more polarization switches may maintain optical propertiesconsistent with the driven state. Maintaining the optical propertiesconsistent with the driven state is used herein to mean that the normalblack mode should allow approximately full luminance and the normalwhite mode should block approximately all luminance. The threshold ofthe relaxed state may be approximately 1-2V. In one embodiment, therelaxed function may consist of small decremented step functions thatapproximate a continuous waveform.

In one embodiment, the full reduction from the driven voltage to therelaxed voltage may be sufficiently slow to reduce the optical bounce,yet fast enough to fit within the time constraints of LCD panel 310updating. For example, for a 120 Hz LCD system, LCD panel 310 may befully updated or refreshed every 8.333 ms. Thus, the full voltagetransition may take less than 8.3 ms in such an example (or in otherembodiments, in a time period less than a frame time/period). Forinstance, for an 8.3 ms frame time, the full voltage transition, fromdriven to relaxed, may take 3.5 ms +/−1 ms. In other examples (e.g., a60 Hz or 240 Hz system), panel update time constraints may be different(e.g., 16.667 ms, 4.166 ms). Accordingly, the full voltage transitiontime may be different as well. In various embodiments, the full voltagetransition make take less than 20 ms, 10 ms, 5 ms, 3 ms, etc., dependingon various timing considerations. In various embodiments, the fulltransition from driven state to relaxed state may be performed over atime period greater than 1 is and less than 20 ms.

The drive voltage applied to the polarization switch 308 may present asa variety of different waveforms and timings. For example, the waveformcould be an arbitrary descending waveform, a linear descending ramp, orother waveform. Some factors that may be considered in determining thewaveform and timing may include: contrast level, the presence ofghosting/crosstalk, balance between left and right eye performance, andcolor in bright and dark states. In some embodiments, the drive voltageswing and offset may be varied. Further, in some embodiments, the drivevoltage may be a pulse-width modulated (PWM) waveform, as describedherein.

In one embodiment, different drive voltages may be provided to differentsegments, of a segmented polarization switch 308. For instance, asdescribed herein, a polarization switch 308 may be segmented into fivedifferent segments. A different phase-shifted drive voltage, each ofwhich may have a function (e.g., cosine) applied to the high-low-voltagetransition, may be provided to each of the segments. As an example, theprovided voltage may be independently driven to provide each segmentwith an independent and time-shifted voltage from the independentlydriven voltages being provided to each other segment. In such anembodiment, the timing of the polarization switch transitions may besynchronized with the timing of the backlight pulses and the data of theframes.

In some embodiments, control circuitry 304 may supply one or morevoltages and/or other indications to LCD panel 310 and light source 312,in addition to, the one or more polarization switches 308. The voltagesmay be driven in a different manner than the one or more voltagesprovided to polarization switches 308. As an example, control circuitry304 may provide a voltage, and a power-on indication to LCD panel 310and/or light source 312. Control circuitry 304 may also provide abacklight enable indication to light source 312. Control circuitry 304may, in some embodiments, receive an indication of data writes to LCDpanel 310, from LCD panel 310, or from another source (e.g., an externalsource such as a set-top box, Ethernet, Wifi, DVD player, Blu-Rayplayer, etc.). Control circuitry 304 may include circuitry tosynchronize the drive voltage to the one or more polarization switchesand to left and right frame timing. Control circuitry 304 may furtherinclude circuitry to synchronize backlight enable indications with leftand right frame timing. Accordingly, the variable drive voltage,described herein, may be used in conjunction with a shifted or extendedbacklight, to enhance the benefits of the variable drive voltage. Theextended backlight may be segmented, where each of the subsidiarysegments of the main backlight pulse may be shifted accordingly. In someembodiments, and not shown in FIG. 3, control circuitry 304 may receivevideo, manipulate and process the video, and provide it to the LCD panel310. Control circuitry 304 may generate an indication (e.g., Vsync) anddata enable indication. The Vsync indication may be used to synchronizetiming of the polarization switch and backlight segments, among othercomponents. The data enable indication may indicate when data iswritten.

In one embodiment, one or more polarization switches 308, or otherliquid crystal device with one or more liquid crystal addressableelements, may receive the drive voltage from control circuitry 304 (anddrive module 306). As described above, the drive voltage may have afunction applied to it before reaching polarization switches 308. Insome embodiments, the one or more polarization switches 308 may receivea drive voltage directly from voltage source 302, which may or may notapply a function to the drive voltage. Polarization switches 308 may bea liquid crystal device, such as twisted-nematic panel, homogeneouscells, chiral-homeotropic LC cells, optically compensated birefringence(OCB) cells, pi-cells, etc. Twisted-nematic panels have cells which maytwist up to a full 90 degrees in response to a voltage change, to allowvarying degrees of light to pass through.

In various embodiments, LCD system 300 may include only a singlepolarization switch. The polarization switch 308 may cover the entiredisplay of LCD system 300. Accordingly, the single polarization switch308 may change the polarization state of the light emitted by thedisplay. For a 3D display, this may correspond to two different states:one polarization state that is passed by the right eye polarizer andblocked by the left eye polarizer and another polarization state that ispassed by the left eye polarizer and blocked by the right eye polarizer.The polarization switch 308 may be segmented, for example, intohorizontal sections, similar to the backlight segmenting describedherein. Accordingly, by segmenting the polarization switch intohorizontal sections, the correct polarization state may be achieved forcorresponding data on LCD panel 310 at a given time. As one example, thepolarization switch 308 may be divided into five horizontal sections ofequal size. The various segments of polarization switch 308 may besynchronized or timed according to the progressive-scan-based panelwrite times. In one embodiment, a polarization switch 308 may switchstates when the first row of the segment receives new data (i.e., whenLCD panel 310 begins to write data to that row).

LCD panel 310 may include a plurality of pixels that may collectivelyproduce images. The plurality of pixels may be addressed with data thatmay reflect the image to be display. As discussed herein, LCD panel 310may be updated from one frame to the next in a progressive scan mannerand may not occur all at once. In such an embodiment, the pixels of LCDpanel 310 may be updated, for example, sequentially by row from top tobottom. As an example, LCD panel 310 may refresh at a frequency of 120Hz. For a 120 Hz system, every 8.3 ms the entire panel's data may beupdated. In one embodiment, the time to update the entire panel, fromthe top row to the bottom row, may be approximately 5-6 ms. Accordingly,the scan time to write frame data to LCD panel 310 may take asignificant time percentage of each frame and the portion of each framewhere the entire display is in the same state may likewise be minimal.In one embodiment, backlight and polarization switch segmenting timingand/or segmenting may be applied to maintain synchronization with theprogressive scan data write of LCD panel 310.

In one embodiment, LCD system 300 may include a light source 312. Lightsource 312 may provide an instance (e.g., a pulse) of the light sourceto the polarization switch 308. Light source 312 may be a backlight,such as incandescent light bulbs, fluorescent lamps, or one or morelight emitting diodes (LEDs). Light source 312 may include one or morewhite backlights or different colored backlights (e.g., RGB LEDs). Lightsource 312 may be positioned in LCD system 300 behind LCD panel 310 andpolarization switch 308 from the perspective of the front of LCD system300 (where the viewer would be). In one embodiment, the LEDs may be edgeLEDs that provide illumination from both sides of LCD system 300. Lightsource 312 may include a manner in which to redirect the illuminationfrom the edge LEDs so that the illumination may be perpendicular to LCDpanel 310 and polarization switch 308.

In some embodiments, light source 312 may pulse twice per frame time(i.e., once for a left eye frame and once for a right eye frame), witheach pulse being a pulse of limited duration. For example, starting witha driven state, a first pulse of light source 312 may occur after thedrive voltage reduction from the driven state begins. Specifically, inone example, the first pulse may take place during the voltagetransition from the driven state to the relaxed state. A second pulse oflight source 312 may occur during the relaxed state (i.e., before thedrive voltage transitions back to the driven state). In other words, apulse of the light source, or backlight enable, may be shifted to alater time for the period when the polarization switch drive voltage hasa function applied during the high to low voltage transition. In someembodiments, both pulses of a light source in a frame time may beshifted later in time. When both pulses of a light source are shiftedlater in time, however, the shifted amount may be different for eachpulse. For example, the pulse of light source that may occur during thedriven-to-relaxed state transition may be shifted 2 ms later in timewhile the second pulse of a light source in a frame time may be shifted1 ms later. Therefore, the pulses from light source 312 may not bespaced equally apart from one frame time to the next. An example ofunequal spacing between light pulses can be seen below in FIG. 7B. Inone embodiment, the backlight may be extended in terms of pulseduration. For example, one pulse of light source 312 may begin beforethe drive voltage transitions from the driven to the relaxed state butmay complete after the voltage transition is complete. Thus, elaboratingon the example, if a light pulse is typically 2 ms, then extending thelight pulse may increase its duration to 3 ms. Extending or shifting thebacklight may enable more of the data of LCD panel 310 to be in asteady, same state for a frame and a polarization switch 308 to be in anappropriate state when the backlight is enabled. When used inconjunction with the variable drive voltage, in which optical bounce maybe minimized, shifting the backlight into the minimal optical bounceperiod may produce only a minimal amount of light leakage in the normalwhite state and a minimal drop in luminance for the normal black state.In some embodiments, the time difference between the start of the firstpulse of limited duration and the start of the second pulse of limitedduration in a frame may be less than the time difference from the startof the voltage reduction to the start of the voltage return to thedriven level.

Light source 312 may, in various embodiments, be segmented. In oneembodiment, the backlight may be segmented into five independentlyaddressable rows. For instance, light source 312 may be segmented intosections that may extend across horizontal bands of the display. TheLEDs of light source 202 may pulse at different times, which may beoptimized for timing one segment's pulse separate from other segments.Further, a segmented light source 202 may include segmented lightguidesthat may help minimize row-to-row crosstalk. As described herein, thebacklight may be shifted later in time. Light contamination may extendinto the optical bounce area but may not have significant effects interms of light leakage and luminance drops in normal white and normalblack modes, respectively.

FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate examples of timing and optical responseaccording to the LCD system of FIGS. 2-3. FIG. 5 is one example of atiming diagram of a section of an LCD system, according to someembodiments. For example, FIG. 5 may be the timing for segment 2 of asegmented polarization switch. For ease of explanation, the backlight isnot shown segmented but may be segmented in some embodiments. FIG. 5shows the 1st row and last row of the LCD panel being written. Thesegment as active for the left eye frame at a time between the two panelwrites. Active may correspond to 0 V for a normal white mode or a drivenvoltage (e.g., +/−12 V) for a normal black mode. In addition, the LEDpulse is near the end of the active segment state to allow more LCs tosettle. FIG. 6 is a diagram of optical responses of an LCD panel andpolarization switch, according to some embodiments. The top 3 portionsof FIG. 6 correspond to the optical response of the LCD at differentrows of a section of the LCD. Note the slight phase shift in the datawrite from first row to last row. This corresponds to the progressivescan data write. In the bottom two figures, the optical response of thepolarization switch, as viewed through right and left eyewear is shown.The optical responses demonstrate a reduced area of cross-talk, whichmay result from the variable drive voltage techniques described herein.Note that the shapes of the waveforms in FIG. 5 may not be an accuraterepresentation of the actual waveforms used in various embodiments.

Turning back to FIG. 3, one or more components of LCD display 300 may,in some embodiments, be implemented by a computer-readable storagemedium, memory, or some other component. A computer-readable storagemedium may be one embodiment of an article of manufacture that storesinstructions that are executable by a processor. As an example, acomputer-readable storage medium can be used to store instructions readby a program and used, directly or indirectly, to fabricate hardware forcontrol circuitry 304, described above. For example, the instructionsmay outline one or more data structures describing a behavioral-level orregister-transfer level (RTL) description of the hardware functionalityin a high level design language (HDL) such as Verilog or VHDL. Thedescription may be read by a synthesis tool, which may synthesize thedescription to produce a netlist. The netlist may include a set of gates(e.g., defined in a synthesis library), which represent thefunctionality of control circuitry 304. The netlist may then be placedand routed to produce a data set describing geometric shapes to beapplied to masks. The masks may then be used in various semiconductorfabrication steps to produce a semiconductor circuit or circuitscorresponding to control circuitry 304.

In some embodiments, LCD system 300 may not include LCD panel 310 orlight source 312. Instead, LCD system may include an organic lightemitting diode (OLED) panel. In an OLED-based LCD system 300, all rowsof the panel may be written simultaneously (i.e., not in a progressivescan manner). In such an embodiment, segmenting may not be used. Insteadof using a backlight, control circuitry 304 may pulse the OLED panelitself. Further, the variable drive voltage of control circuitry 304 maybe used with the OLED-based LCD system 300, in a similar manner, whichmay reduce the optical bounce and therefore maximize the amount ofsteady state time of the display, among other benefits.

Using a variable drive voltage may increase frame utilization byreducing optical bounce and accelerating the transition between thedriven and relaxed states. This may be valuable in minimizing cross-talk(ghosting) in 3D displays by increasing the duration of steady statetime in the optical response of the polarization switch. In addition, byaccommodating a higher drive voltage, a brighter, higher contrast 3Ddisplay may be achieved. Further, by shifting the backlight enable laterin time, the LCD pixels may further stabilize before the backlight isapplied, which may also reduce the ghosting effect. Segmenting thebacklight may further enhance the benefits of the variable drivevoltage. This may minimize the momentary reduction the amount of lighttransmitted (on the order of nits) in the polarization switch normalblack state. It may also minimize light leakage in the normal whitestate, in what should be a no or low luminance state.

FIG. 4—Exemplary Drive Voltage Module

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a drive module, according to someembodiments. The example implementation of drive module 306 in FIG. 4illustrates a polarization switch that is segmented into five differentsegments. The isolated power supply may receive an input voltage, whichmay be an AC or DC input voltage. The input voltage may be from a powersupply for the entire LCD system or from another source. Isolated powersupply may output a positive and negative voltage as well as an isolatedground. The isolated ground may be a common ground for the segments. Thepositive and negative voltages may be processed by an analog regulatorbefore being provided to a voltage reference. This may provide a cleanvoltage to voltage reference such that downstream circuitry may receivea clean voltage as well. Voltage reference may output one or morevoltages that may be provided to one or more variable gain amplifiersand, in turn, provided to one or more A/D converters. In the embodimentshown, voltage reference may output five voltages (one for each of thefive segments in this example), each of which may be provided to adifferent variable gain amplifier and a different A/D converter.

In the embodiment shown, a system clock may be provided to afield-programmable gate array (FPGA). For example, a 32 MHz system clockmay be provided to the FPGA to drive discrete values to the one or moreA/D converters. The FPGA may include a function, such as a cosine orGaussian among other functions, embedded in the FPGA table. Discretevalues from the table may be taken over time, which may produce thefunction. In one embodiment, voltage increments may be based on a 25 Vswing over 2¹⁶ bits. The FPGA may output a plurality of digital commands(e.g., clocked serial data, and enable) to each of the A/D converters.The clocked serial data and enable digital commands may be commonbetween the various A/D converters or may be unique commands for eachA/D converter. In other words, the FPGA may output five clocked serialdata digital commands and five enable commands, with one serial datacommand and one enable command being provided to each A/D converter. Inone embodiment, FPGA may provide a common clocked serial data digitalcommand to the A/D converters and a separate enable digital command foreach A/D converter. The enable commands may be staggered in accordancewith the polarization switch segmentation scheme, described herein. Forexample, the voltage transitions of one segment may occur at differenttimes than the voltage transitions of the other segments. Accordingly,the enable indications may likewise occur at different times. FPGA mayalso provide a clock to the A/D converters. In the illustrated example,the clock may be a 16MHz clock.

Each A/D converter may receive the digital commands and the clock fromthe FPGA as well as the reference voltage, shown here at 12.5 V. In oneembodiment, the A/D converters may be 18-bit high precision A/Dconverters. Each A/D converter may convert the input analog voltage intoa discrete representation of that voltage. The discrete representationof the voltage may then be provided to a high-precision buffer (e.g., 18bit) and a hi-power amplifier and, ultimately, to one of the segments ofthe polarization switch. The illustrated example shows a singlepolarization switch segmented into five segments. Each segment mayreceive a separate drive voltage, which may be phase shifted compared tothe drive voltages of the other segments. The signals in the illustratedexample are bipolar signals that may allow arbitrary positive andnegative waveforms. The illustrated example is also high speed meaninggreater than 888 KHz per segment.

FIGS. 5 and 6—Timing and Optical Response of Example LCD System

FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate examples of timing and optical responseaccording to the LCD system. FIGS. 5 and 6 are described in furtherdetail in connection with the description of LCD system 300.

FIGS. 7A, 7B, and 8—Timing Diagrams

FIG. 7A is a timing diagram of a typical optical bounce that does notuse a variable drive voltage while FIG. 7B is a timing diagram showing areduced optical bounce, according to some embodiments.

The following table includes example values for the various times andother values in the two figures:

t_(a) = 1.5 ms +/− .5 t_(da) = 2 ms t_(aa) = 1.5 ms +/− .5 t_(p) = 1-2ms t_(ea) = 6 ms +/− 2 t_(s) = 1.5 ms +/− .5 b_(a) = 10% norm +/− 2%t_(wa) = 3.5 ms +/− 1 b_(aa) = 4% norm

FIG. 7A illustrates a drive voltage according to a step function andcorresponding transmittance-time curves. As shown, the step functionapplies to both transitions, driven to relaxed state and relaxed todrive state. In one embodiment, for example for a 3D LCD system, oneportion of a frame may produce an image for one eye and the next portionof a frame may produce an image for the other eye. In the figures, thenormal black PS response may correspond to the luminance for one eye andthe normal white PS response may correspond to the luminance for theother eye. When the voltage is driven to the driven state, the luminancefor the normal black eye may be high while the luminance for the normalwhite eye may be low. The opposite is true for a low voltage; theluminance for the normal white eye is high and the luminance for thenormal black eye is low. Note the slow change in optical response whenthe voltage transitions abruptly from the high voltage state to the lowvoltage state. In addition, note the optical bounce in both PSresponses. The bounce occurs in FIG. 7A at a time t_(a) approximately 1ms after the voltage transition. The bounce represents dead time thatadds delay to the system and negatively affects optical properties ofthe display (e.g., leakage in a black state or drops in luminance in awhite state). The leakage in luminance in the normal white mode when itis supposed to be black may be very noticeable to a viewer of thedisplay. In this example, b_(a) is approximately 10% of peak normalwhite luminance, at a time when the normal white mode should be near 0%luminance. The drop in luminance in the normal black mode may not be assignificant to a viewer but is still shown in FIG. 7A. Further, thebacklight enable in FIG. 7A is a 1-2 ms pulse, represented by t_(p). Thepulses from frame time to frame time are approximately equally spacedapart, about 8.3 ms apart for a 120 Hz display, which corresponds to theframe time of the display. The first and third pulses (and subsequentodd pulses) in the example correspond to frames for the normal black eyeand the second pulse (and subsequent even pulses) correspond to framesfor the normal white eye. The pulses may occur a short period beforeeach transition from driven to relaxed state, and a short period beforeeach transition from relaxed to driven state.

FIG. 7B illustrates a drive voltage and corresponding transmittance-timecurves, with a continuous function applied to the driven to relaxedstate portion of the drive voltage. In the illustration, the continuousfunction is a 3.5 ms wide cosine function with a zero point 0.5 msbeyond the relaxed step function (of FIG. 7A) zero point. The opticalbounce in FIG. 7B represents only a bounce of 4% (b_(aa)) of the peaknormal white luminance—a more than double reduction over FIG. 7A. Thismay increase the steady state of the PS responses as compared to FIG.7A. By reducing the optical bounce, the backlight enable may be shiftedinto the optical bounce period. In other words, the luminance may besufficiently low such that some of the time within that period mayactually be reclaimed, in some embodiments, by allowing some backlightpulsing in this period of time. By shifting the backlight enable intowhat was the optical bounce period, the LCs may be more stabilized atthe time the backlight is enabled. As a result, greater image quality(e.g., reduced ghosting/crosstalk, increased contrast, etc.) may beachieved. The results may be further enhanced by segmenting the one ormore polarization switches and backlight, as described herein. In thecase where the backlight is segmented, subsidiary pulses of the mainbacklight pulse may extend into the optical bounce period resulting inan even lesser amount of light leakage. In the example shown, thebacklight enable is shifted approximately 1.5 ms later in time in FIG.7B.

FIG. 8 illustrates various example drive voltage curves, according toembodiments. For example, the top curve illustrates a drive voltagecurve with the transition from driven to relaxed state performedaccording to a cosine function. The middle curve illustrates a driven torelaxed state transition according to a Gaussian function while thebottom curve illustrates a curve according to a first rate and a secondrate, with the first rate being a more rapid voltage drop than thesecond rate. The indicated intermediate voltage may be the transitionpoint between the first rate and the second rate. The polarizationswitch may maintain an optical property of the driven state at theintermediate voltage.

FIG. 9—Driving a Voltage of a Polarization Switch

FIG. 9 illustrates a method 900 for driving a voltage of a polarizationswitch 308. The method shown in FIG. 9 may be used in conjunction withany of the systems or devices shown in the above figures, among otherdevices. In various embodiments, some of the method elements shown maybe performed concurrently, in a different order than shown, or may beomitted. In some embodiments, method 900 may include additional (orfewer) blocks than shown. For example, in some embodiments, only blocks902 and 904 may be used while in others, all illustrated blocks may beused. As shown, method 900 may operate as follows.

At 902, a voltage may be provided to a liquid crystal addressableelement of a liquid crystal device, such as a polarization switch, to adriven voltage level. The driven voltage level may represent a drivenstate. For example, the provided voltage may be +/−12 V. In oneembodiment, the voltage may be provided by voltage source 302 directlyto polarization switch 308. In one embodiment, the voltage may begenerated by voltage source 302, modified or passed on by controlcircuitry 304 and/or drive module 306, and then provided to the liquidcrystal element of the liquid crystal device, such as polarizationswitch 308. The portion of the drive voltage that drives polarizationswitch 308 to the driven state may be performed according to a stepfunction. Polarization switch 308 may be a liquid crystal cell device,such as a twisted-nematic device that may include one or more liquidcrystal addressable elements. The liquid crystal addressable elementsare defined herein as regions of an LC device that can be independentlycontrolled (e.g., electronically). For an LCD, the liquid crystaladdressable element may be a pixel, and for a multi-segment polarizationswitch, the liquid crystal addressable element may be a segment. For amulti-segment polarization switch, the provided voltage may beindependently driven to provide each segment with an independent andtime-shifted voltage. In some embodiments, the LC device may use a TN LCmode.

At 904, the provided voltage may be reduced to a relaxed level (e.g., 0V) over a period of time greater than 1 μs. A voltage reductionapproximately equivalent to a step function would take less than 1 μsand other functions taking less than 1 μs may be seen by the LC deviceas equivalent to a step function. In some embodiments, the fullreduction from driven to relaxed level may take less than 20 ms. Forexample, the transition for a 120 Hz LCD system may take approximately3.5 ms. In various embodiments, drive module 306 may apply a relaxedfunction to the drive voltage it provides to polarization switch 308.The relaxed function may be a continuous function, such as thedecreasing portion of a cosine or Gaussian. The relaxed function maycause the voltage to decrease as a function of time until reaching therelaxed state. In some embodiments, the provided voltage function may bea PWM waveform function. In some embodiments the relaxed function overtime may include a voltage rise, provided the total relaxed voltagefunction occurs within the window of 20us to 20ms.

At 906, after the voltage reduction begins, a light pulse of limitedduration may be provided to the LC device, such as polarization switch308 and/or LCD panel 310. In one embodiment, the pulse of light source312 may be a pulsed backlight that may be enabled during a continuoustransition from the driven state to the relaxed state. In someembodiments, the pulse of light source 312 during this transition may beextended such that the pulse extends later into a period where the cellsmay be more stable. In other words, the pulse of light source 312 mayextend into the time period coincident with the optical bounce period.Light source 312 may be segmented to extend into the optical bounceperiod. For a next frame, the voltage provided to the polarizationswitch may be returned to a driven state. Before the voltage is returnedto the driven state, another pulse of limited duration of light source312 may be enabled and provided to polarization switch 308. The timedifference between the start of the first pulse of limited duration in aframe and the second pulse of limited duration may be less than the timedifference from the start of the voltage reduction to the start of thevoltage return to the driven level. The pulse of light source 312 duringthe driven state may correspond to a portion of a frame for one eye (ina 3D display) and the second pulse, during the relaxed state, maycorrespond to a second portion of a frame for the other eye. Or, theymay correspond to subsequent frames in a 2D display. In general thelight pulses may be approximately equally spaced apart. By shifting thefirst pulse of the light source into the time period coincident with theoptical bounce period, it allows the second pulse to be shifted as well.As shown in FIGS. 7A-7B, the response of the relaxed state may take along time to stabilize, therefore shifting the light pulse later intothe relaxed state period allows for more stable LCs before the light isapplied to them. As a result, cross-talk may be reduced. In oneembodiment, the timing and duration of light pulses may vary dependingon the drive function's waveform and timing. One embodiment may includeapplying a different portion (e.g., increasing portion) of the samewaveform to the driven state.

In a system that uses a segmented polarization switch, the method of 900may be used for each segment of the polarization switch. This may createa phase-shifted variable drive voltage for the various segments of thepolarization switch and enable the polarization switch segments to besynchronized with data writing of the panel. Likewise, the pulse oflimited duration may be divided into a plurality of subsidiary pulsesthat may be provided to corresponding segments of the polarizationswitch.

The method of FIG. 9 could also be applied in situations other than anLCD system. For example, method 900 may apply equally as well to anOLED-based system. An OLED-based system may not require a separate lightsource or and LCD panel. Instead, the OLED panel may be pulsed itself,that is, the duty cycle of on-pixels to off-pixels may be short. In anyevent, an OLED-based system may benefit from the disclosed variabledrive voltage techniques. Further, the method may apply to more thanjust polarization switches, such as other applications using a TNdevice. For example, method 900 could be applied to shutter glasses. Forexample, shutter glasses may be used as a switch, in which case, thedisclosed techniques may offer similar benefits to those gained by apolarization switch. Each eyepiece of the shutter glasses may be an LCshutter, which may have similar time constraints to the LCD system.

The above blocks of method 900 may be initiated by a processor,processors, a CPU, a memory, a computer-readable storage medium, otherhardware, or any combination thereof.

By transitioning the voltage of polarization switches from a drivenstate to a relaxed state in a continuous, analog way, optical bounce maybe minimized. Further, delay as a result of the voltage transition mayalso be minimized and therefore allow a longer steady state period forthe LCs. This may provide additional time for LCD pixels to stabilizebefore the light source is enabled. This may reduce ghosting and mayreduce the amount of light that may be transmitted in an off-state dueto any remaining optical bounce.

FIG. 10 illustrates an alternate embodiment of a variable drive voltage.The top waveform shows an analog voltage that may be applied to a liquidcrystal device, such as a polarization switch. The waveform may be adirect representation of how the polarization switch is excited(driven).

The bottom waveform is the PWM equivalent of the top waveform. PWM is acompletely digital technique that varies the pulse width to correspondto a particular RMS voltage. Note that on the left side, the PWMwaveform is mostly “high”, representing a higher RMS voltage. In the 2ndpart and the 4th part of the waveform (the flat part) note that the PWMduty cycle is 50%—that part of the waveform represents half the maximumvoltage. Finally, in the 3rd part of the waveform, note that the pulsesare narrow, which represents lower RMS voltages.

In one implementation, the PWM signal may be low-pass filtered to betterapproximate the target waveform. A low-pass filter may be implemented byutilizing the R-C characteristics of the polarization switch itself,which may allow the polarization switch to be directly driven from anentirely digital source.

Although the embodiments above have been described in considerabledetail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent tothose skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated.It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace allsuch variations and modifications.

We claim:
 1. A method for operating a liquid crystal device, comprising:providing a voltage at a driven level to a liquid crystal addressableelement of the liquid crystal device, wherein the liquid crystaladdressable element is in a driven state at the driven level; andreducing the provided voltage to a relaxed level; wherein said reducingis performed over a time period greater than 1 μs, wherein the liquidcrystal addressable element is in a relaxed state at the relaxed level;wherein said reducing the provided voltage to the relaxed level resultsin a reduced optical bounce of the liquid crystal device.